Material of academic writing

Types of academic writing

1. Notes : A written record of the main points of a text or lecture, for a student’s personal use
2. Report : A description of something a student has done e.g. conducting a survey
3. Project : A piece of research, either individual or group work, with the topic chosen by the student(s)
4. Paper : A general term for any academic essay, report, presentation or article
5. Essay : The most common type of written work, with the title given by the teacher, normally 1000–5000 words
6. Dissertation/Thesis : The longest piece of writing normally done by a student (20,000+ words) often for a higherdegree, on a topic chosen by the student

How To Start Writing

1. Prewriting :

• have much sources/references
• choose/make a topic as title
• decide the problem will discuss
• choose/confirm the way/method to solve
• predict the result will get

1. Drafting

• what parts should be written
• describe the urgency of title
• define the terms on title
• breakdown detailed problems discussed
• design the problem referring the chosen theory

1. Revising

• make a careful notes
• check in-text citation
• look into the proof reading
• coherence of the problems

DEFINITION OF PARAGRAPH

A basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea.

TOPIC SENTENCES

• States the main idea of the paragraph
• Usually the first sentence in a paragraph
• Summarizes the main idea of your paragraph.
• Indicates to the reader what your paragraph will be about.
• States the controlling idea.

What is an Abstract Paragraph

• An abstract is a very concise statement of the major elements of your research project. It states the purpose, methods, and findings of your research project.
• An abstract is a condensed version of a full scientific paper.

Abstract Must be :

ü  Complete — it covers the major parts of the project/case

ü  Concise — it contains no excess wordiness or unnecessary information.

ü  Clear — it is readable, well organized, and not too jargon-laden.

ü  Cohesive — it flows smoothly between the parts.

Structure of the Abstract Paragraph :

ü  Title and Author Information

ü  Introduction

ü  Methods

ü  Results

ü  Conclusions

Structure of the Introduction Paragraph :

ü  1^st sentence: hook or opening sentence

ü  2^nd – 3^rd sentence: transitions from hook while including T.A.G. (complete title, author’s complete name, and genre of the work(s) being analyzed)

ü  3^rd – 5^th sentence: further logical transitions

ü  Thesis Statement: final sentence(s) of the introductionshttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cilacs.uii.ac.id/academic-writing/&ved=2ahUKEwjv4aXnrN3mAhVLbn0KHdOGCsQQFjACegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw0ho9y-KhjoSTKkRHwYaWYK